ABSTRACT
Background: The study was done with the objective to evaluate synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine in wistar albino rats.Methods: The wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into four groups of five animals. Group 1 received ketamine 40 mg/kg, group 2 received ketamine 80 mg/kg, group 3 received ketamine 40 mg/kg along with memantine 10 mg/kg and group 4 received 80 mg of ketamine along with memantine 10 mg/kg to evaluate the synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine. The sleep latency time and duration of sleep were measured in all the groups.Results: The sleep latency time of group 4 is significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to all other groups. The duration of sleep of group 4 is significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to group 1 and group 3, but less than that of group 1.Conclusions: Memantine possess synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anaesthesia.
ABSTRACT
Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potentiation of general anaesthetic activity of ketamine by NMDA receptor antagonist ‘amantadine’ in wistar albino rats.Methods: The wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into three groups of five animals in each group. Group I received ketamine 80mg/kg, group II received ketamine 40mg/kg along with amantadine 40mg/kg and group III received ketamine 80mg/kg along with amantadine 40mg/kg to evaluate the potentiation of general anaesthetic effect of ketamine. The sleep latency time and the total sleeping time were measured in all the three groups.Results: The sleep latency time of group III is significantly decreased (p <0.035) and as equal to that of group II when compared to group I. The sleeping time of group III is significantly increased (p <0.001) when compared to group I.Conclusions: Amantadine - the NMDA receptor antagonist potentiates the general anaesthetic activity of ketamine.
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Background: Schimmelpenning syndrome is a multisystem disorder. Casecharacteristics: A term female neonate with sebaceous nevi of the face had choroidosteoma of the right eye. Observation: At one month of age, the infant was observed tohave choroidal neovascularization that was successfully treated with laser photo-coagulation and anti-VEGF. Message: Choroid osteoma and neovascularization are rareassociations of Schimmelpenning syndrome, and should be screened for and managedearly.
ABSTRACT
Use of Insecticide-Treated Bednets (ITNs) has been shown to reduce the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases. However, the impact of ITNs depends on its community acceptance. We studied the ITN usage and factors infl uencing it, following the distribution of one ITN to each family in an urban area of Puducherry. Around 93.6% of the 157 respondents surveyed were aware of mosquito-borne diseases. Coils and vaporizers were used in 91.1% of the families. Around two-fi fths (41.3%) of the 116 families who received the ITNs used it regularly with another 5.1% using it irregularly. Majority of the users (85%) reported reduced mosquito bites and pleasant sleep after use. Small size of ITNs was the most common reason for non-use (46.3%). Families not using normal bed nets at the time of distribution of ITNs were unlikely to use ITNs at present (odds ratio = 5.22, P < 0.001). Therefore, ITN size should be increased and distribution in urban settings should accompany behavior change communication.
ABSTRACT
Epipenaeon ingens (Isopoda: Bopyridae) is reported for the first time from Parapenaeopsis stylifera (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in South India. According to the month the parasitic prevalence ranged from 0.0 to 2.9%. A characteristic bulge of the branchial chamber, growth retardation and degenerated sex organs were observed in the infested shrimp.
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Background: A national reference laboratory imparting training on sputum AFB smear microscopy to fresh Senior Tuberculosis Laboratory Supervisors (STLS). Aim: To assess the proficiency of STLSs under training to read sputum AFB smears. Methods: Each of 342 trainees read the same set of 15 to 20 Ziehl Neelsen stained smears in a blinded fashion on day– 1 and on day-15 of the training programme. The smear results were matched with the original results. Observations: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of smear reading were 75%, 88%, 93%, 63% and 94%, 99%, 99%, 89% respectively on day-1 and day –15. Conclusion: The sensitivity to read sputum AFB smears by fresh STLSs with little or no experience increased from 75% to 94% during the carefully planned training programme; the specificity increased from 88% to 99%. The study highlights the importance of training in improving the microscopy results.
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Tuberculosis is not only the commonest infectious disease of the lungs in India, but it is also the most commonly overdiagnosed entity whenever upper lobe lesions are seen on a chest roentgenogram. Over a two year period (1990-1992), 150 non-tuberculous upper lobe lesions in high risk group patients (middle aged and elderly; chronic smokers) were investigated Sixty-two patients (41.3%) were found to have primary malignant tumours of whom 67.7% had squamous cell carcinoma. Routine screening for malignancy in high risk patients with non-tuberculous upper lobe lesions should be undertaken.
Subject(s)
Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/diagnosis , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Tuberculosis, PulmonaryABSTRACT
Twelve patients with high grade osteosarcomas of the extremities were treated with two cycles of induction chemotherapy using adriamycin and cis-platinum and sandwich radiation between the two cycles (4000 rads). Ten patients underwent amputation or disarticulation, two patients had wide excision followed by endoprosthesis. The specimen was assessed for grade of necrosis. The Disease Free Survival at a minimum follow-up period of 26 months and median follow-up period of 35.5%. All the five patients who developed distant metastases had shown only a grade I necrosis in the tumour.